In the 21st century, images for advertisements are used everywhere and because of this, it can get confusing to know how to use someone else’s image for content creation. What is the difference between commercial copyright and editorial copyright? When do we need to ask for permission to use an image?

Content that is commercially licensed is used specifically for advertising and marketing. Permission is always required from the photographer and recognizable subjects. Content that is editorialized does not require permission because it is made for public use, however, it cannot be used to advertise.

To learn more about commercial versus editorial image licenses and the details of copyright explained in simple terms, continue reading!

The basics

Commercial and editorial images go a little further than general copyright laws. Copyright gives the rights of the image directly to the photographer, however, commercial and editorial images have specific requirements that must be met in order to be used legally.

So, why are there so many rules?

In our busy world, we want to make sure the original creators receive the proper credit for their work. Annoying? Probably. Ethical to the original creator? Most likely.

For creating content, there are situations where it is not feasible to shoot or use your own photos, especially when writing or directing other kinds of media. Commercial and editorial image laws give that freedom to specific media creators such as advertisers, blog writers and editors.

While there are specific restrictions set in place, this is the way our government can make sure photos are published and used fairly. Here is an easy-to-read guide on navigating how to use a photo legally for content creators of any kind. It can be complex, so take a deep breath, get some water, and let’s get started!

What are commercial images?

Commercial images are photos, clips, or illustrations that require permission in order to be used in any circumstance.

But it’s not just the original creator that you need permission from; permission is required from the property owners, artists, and any recognizable models in the image. There are also other restrictions such as what location the image was taken in.

If there are so many people to go through in order to use a commercial image, why would you want to use it in the first place?

To start, companies will usually buy a subscription from a commercial imaging website. This is because that website has already gone through the proper attribution process, so using another person’s image is not a problem.

Commercial images are meant to be used for advertising and marketing purposes only and are higher in quality. This includes websites, blog posts like this one, online advertisements, billboards, television, or streaming commercials. You cannot use an editorial or fair use image for advertising, but the public domain and commercial images can be. That is why sometimes commercial images are needed and we need to understand how the laws work. We will explain editorial, public domain, and fair use more in depth later on. (Source)

As I said earlier, there are specific requirements for commercial images.

Requirements for commercial image use

1. Permission is needed from any recognizable person in the photo.
   • You must sign a model release form to use that image. (Source)
2. Permission is needed from property owners of the location the photo was taken in.
   • You must sign a property release form to use that image. (Source)
3. No logos, trademarks, or other company names can be in the photo.
   • No other advertisements or clear logos can be used in the image, even with proper attribution. (Source)
4. No intellectual property in the photo.
   • No landmarks created after 1900, iconic products, architecture, illustrations of copyrighted characters, or zoomed-in text in a commercial image, even with proper attribution. (Source)

After commercial image requirements are met, there is another loophole you need to jump through.

There are specific kinds of licenses that need to be purchased depending on what you are using your image for. Once this lease is signed, you can only use the image for what is stated for in the document. This is called a ‘usage license’ and there are three kinds to choose from.

License types

1. Nonexclusive license: An image that can be sold through commercial licensing vendors, buyers, or yourself. This is typically used by advertisements.
2. Exclusive license: An image that has never been licensed commercially before and the client can use it exclusively. This is typically used by photographers. (Source)
3. Unrestricted license: No restrictions for what the image can be used for. (Source)

What are editorial images?

In the simplest terms, editorial images are the opposite of commercial images.

Editorial images are not to be used for advertising purposes and it can contain other logos, recognizable people, and iconic places. These images are typically used for news outlets such as The New York Times, The British Broadcasting Company, The Washington Post – you name it!

Editorial images are meant to illustrate and add context to journalistic articles, online resources and additional print publications such as textbooks. Fashion photography is a subcategory of editorial images because it assists a story for publication by showing the work of an artist.

Requirements for editorial image content

1. Check your company’s rules.
   • Some companies have varying rules. For example, Shutterstock does not allow posed or directed subjects for editorial images. In other words, the photograph must be candid. While other types of media such as fashion magazines need posed photography to assist their articles.
2. Must document a newsworthy event.
   • As mentioned before, editorial images are meant to provide context or illustration, not advertising. Remember, think of it as the opposite of commercial images.
3. No major alterations to the image.
   • Acceptable adjustments are copping, exposure, and black-and-white conversions. It must remain in the original spirit of the photograph. Again, double-check on the project being worked on for your company, but typically, editorial images are made to document “candid” and “real” life, unlike a saturated advertisement.
4. Proper location, description, and date attributions must be set in place.
   • Just because editorial images can be used under the proper licensing unlike commercial images, this does not mean that the image shouldn’t be attributed properly through photo and location credit. It is usually a necessary requirement to do so for journalists.

What is image copyright?

Now that we understand the difference between commercial and editorial image use, we can jump into what image copyright is. After all, that’s what commercial and editorial images depend on!

So, why is image and media copyright so important? What even is copyright?

The basics are this: when a photographer takes a picture, they own that image because it is their work. Therefore, no paperwork is required for the photographer to have the image copyrighted because it is an immediate and inherent right in the United States of America.

For a little bit of a history lesson, the first United States copyright law was actually enacted on May 31st 1790. It was a part of one of the first revisions of the Constitution, article one, section eight. (Source)

Moving back into the 21st century and focusing specifically on image use, a copyright transfer agreement has to be signed between the photographer and the client who wants to use the image. Without this agreement or (licenses such as commercial use or editorial use), you cannot use another artist’s photograph without permission because it is someone else’s work. In terms of legality, this would be a form of stealing.

The logic behind image copyright is not to make it almost impossible to create content for the modern advertiser, but to credit the art to the artist. Copyright intends to give freedom and protection for the original owner’s work. If a client purchases the copyright but does not purchase an exclusive use license, the photographer can still legally use their images wherever they want, even with competing advertisers. Because of this, companies that are taking their marketing campaigns seriously will usually purchase an exclusive license. (Source)

However, there are a few exceptions to copyright or exclusive licenses.

Public domain

Public domain is a type of image license that can be used freely and without permission from the original owner. It is not protected by copyright law because this image is now owned by the public. Because of this license, one can call it their own work. You can attribute the original creator if it is known, however, this step is not necessary.

Public domain qualifications

1. The copyright expired.
   • One of the most common reasons an image can become public domain is that the copyright expired. The copyright license for an image lasts for 70 years plus the lifetime of the original owner. If the lifetime of the owner is known, the copyright lasts 95 years after its first publication or 120 years after the creation, but whatever comes sooner is applied first. Factors such as if the work was published anonymously or not also apply. There are also different copyright protection depending on the type of media, but this applies specifically to images. (Source)
2. The copyright owner did not follow copyright renewal standards
   • Media works that were published in the United States before 1964 have now become public domain as mentioned before. You can renew your copyright during the 28th year after publication, but if this deadline is missed, this means a loss of copyright. Additionally, any pieces of work created on or after the first day of 1978 cannot be renewed for copyright protection. Companies, such as Disney, have a legal team that is on top of these kinds of issues if they want characters or images, not in the public domain. (Source)
3. The copyright owner decides to dedicate the image to the public domain.
   • If the image is specifically stated as “dedicated to the public domain” then it is free to use. As mentioned before, no attribution is required and can be sold regardless of the owner. Some authors don’t even put their names with their work intentionally. An example of dedicated images to the public domain is clip art.
4. Copyright law does not protect this kind of media.
   • Copyright law always can protect image use, so this last qualification does not apply. This public domain qualification does not protect short phrases, facts, and theories. (Source)

Fair Use

Another exception to copyright is fair use. Fair use means that the client has a limited range of authority for the copyrighted images of a photographer. Fair use technically gives you permission to infringe on someone’s copyright. However, the line between fair use and infringement is very thin, so make sure to do your research before contributing to fair use. This type of image protection is typically used for educational and critiquing purposes.

If you ask for permission to use a photograph and the creator says no, there still may be a loophole through fair use. As stated before (because this is important), always double-check the legality when using another person’s image. Sometimes you can use a photo when you think you can’t, or your post will be taken down when you think it’s ok. It is a crazy world in terms of legality and it is better to be safe than sorry! (Source)

So what should I know?

If you take away anything from this article, take this: Commercial images are used for advertising purposes only and editorial images are used for general media outlets only, not advertising.

Each type of image has specific restrictions for its users so make sure to go through the correct processes to avoid having your media taken down. Nothing is more frustrating than putting your heart and soul into a piece just to have it be infringement. Also, remember that any image that is taken is covered automatically by copyright, this applies to your work too! If it is unclear that the image is under commercial use, editorial use, fair use, or public domain, then assume it’s copyrighted and permission of some kind is needed.

In the end, it is always safe to go through a purchased license, or website, or take your own images. If you are a content creator and still confused about the ins and outs of copyright, then it might be time to take out your camera and learn a bit about design!

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Wood burning is the art of using a heated tool to create designs on wood pieces. Its art can be simple or advanced, but is wood burning really as complex as it looks? Is wood burning a hard hobby to learn?

Wood burning, also known as pyrography, is not a hard activity to learn. The tools needed are easy and inexpensive to acquire and stencils can be purchased online to assist the artistic process. The best way to advance the skills needed in pyrography is to give it a try and get used to the tools.

Now that we understand that there is nothing to be afraid of in wood burning, how is it done? Continue reading to learn more about beginner tips and techniques for wood burning.

What Do I Need for Wood Burning?

Let me give you a quick answer for the tools needed, and then I will go more in-depth.

Tools Required

1. Pieces of wood
2. A prepped work area
3. A heated tool
4. Lots of time

Wood burning is relatively simple, right? All you really need is a lot of small bits of wood, an area away from things that could be melted or burned, and a working heated tool with accessories you like.

Art is never that simple, but wood burning can be if you take it slow. Here I have a few tips and tricks that can help you learn a bit more about wood burning.

Types of Materials

You can use any kind of wood for pyrography, but some of the best options include pine, aspen, birch, basswood, and poplar. This is because these types of wood are soft, have minimal grain, and are lighter in color, which will make the burn marks show up a little better than if you used dark wood. (Source)

We recommend basswood sheets because they are inexpensive and provide a large yet clean canvas for beginner wood burners. Prices range from 5 to 40 dollars, but we recommend buying a 12-pack like this one.

You can use other kinds of materials too! You can use leather, cork, paper, cotton, bark, canvas, bone, and antler. (Source)

A good idea when starting out with wood burning is not to have only one small section of wood to work with. Especially if you’re learning, it is near impossible to get it “perfect” on the first try. If that is the goal, you can print out a stencil online or purchase a book with images that fits the size of the material you are using by tracing the image.

We recommend looking into purchasing the Pyrography Workbook by Sue Walters. She explains how to transfer your drawings into your materials, necessities for the workspace, how to prepare wood, how to use color in your pieces, and ways to transfer your drawings onto materials other than wood.

Heated Tools

It can be hard to manipulate your heated tool on such a hard surface. Because of this, it is a good idea to invest in a tool that fits your art style and needs.

Prices for heated tools can range from 10 dollars to 400 dollars. With such a wide range, you have many options for starting this hobby. If you’re serious about pyrography, we recommend Amazon’s Burnmaster HAWK Single Port Woodburner package, although it is on the more expensive side.

It might be wise to purchase a wood burning pen that can switch tips, specifically wire-nib burners that allow you to replace the handle even when the tips are hot. This can be really helpful for the more complex art pieces. The more you practice, the more you get to learn your tools. It might be important to note that smaller wire gauge tips take longer to heat up. (Source)

Let’s look at the different kinds of accessories so that when you start your next project you know what you need!

Wire-Nib Tips

• Skew Tip: This tool is angled or slanted which allows the artist to use it for long lines or feathers.
• Spear Tip: This tool has a pointed edge and is helpful for getting into tight places or fine details on your art piece.
• Round Tip: This tool has a circular point which is great when you want only a little indentation on the wood or material.
• Chisel Tip: This tool is shaped like a box and is used for running quill lines.
• Ballpoint Tip: This tool has a tiny ball at the end which is good for calligraphy or writing motions.

Solid-Point Tips

• Universal/All-Purpose Tip: This tip is used for creating straight lines or outlines.
• Calligraphy Tip: This is a good option for curved lines or writing lines.
• Extra Fine Tip: This tool is used for details, straight lines, or light curves.
• Shading Tip: This tool is great for filling space or adding shadows.

Suggestions for Wood Burning

Now that you understand what you need to start wood burning, let me leave you with a final few tips.

First, know that softer wood burns faster, so you need to manage your time well when working with them. Tools that produce less heat are better used on softwoods such as basswood rather than hardwoods such as oak.

Next, use your heated tool in light and circular movements. Instead of putting a ton of pressure on your tool, using it lightly on a softwood will give you better results, especially when shading. Once you are sure of your shape, you can go back over and clarify your straight lines and outlines.

It is also suggested to sand your wood piece if it is not already smoothed out. You should also seal your wood so the stain will not bleed in nearby areas.

When you are using your heated tool, it is smart to go with the wood grain, especially if you are a beginner, because there will be less resistance and risk for burn injury.

Finally, understand that any mistakes made on your piece just add character to the piece! Nothing needs to be perfect, especially when wood burning is not forgiving of mistakes. It is all part of the art process!

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With education becoming increasingly accessible online, homeschooling is a more viable option for families compared to previous generations. If this is the case, what are the different types of homeschooling? Which one is the right fit for your family?

Continue reading below to learn more about the different types of homeschooling and what would be the best fit for your family.

Traditional Method

Traditional homeschooling is just like regular schooling, except in the comfort of your own home. The traditional method is a great start for parents who are trying to homeschool their children, as there is a strong online community and a variety of curriculums for homeschooled families. (Source)

• School at home
  • This is the most basic form of homeschooling and this method works by having a regular school day at home. Parents will often buy textbooks, desks, or other accessories to simulate a regular school setting. This method is the most efficient for parents who want to be the most involved and give a personalized education for their children.
• Online
  • The easiest and arguably best way to access traditional homeschooling is to do it online. This is because the information and classes are already set out, a great fit for parents with a busy schedule but who are not happy with local schools. However, the online method is best for high school students who have already had social experiences with in-person schooling.

Best fit for:

Families that appreciate the structure of traditional schooling but want more involvement or tutoring. Online homeschooling is a good option for older kids who are not wanting to attend in-person school and do not require as much involvement.

Unit Studies Method

A catch-all term for homeschooling, unit studies is a popular method because it encompasses all educational-based subjects. Studies even show that children who use unit study methods compared to traditional homeschooling retain 45% more information. (Source)

In ancient Greece, educators decided to break topics into subjects. The unit studies method works to break that stereotype and studies the topic in full. This means connecting a topic to the real world or other relatable subjects.

An example of using the unit studies method would be looking at a topic such as plants, which is traditionally considered a science subject. Here the teacher would look at the topic of plants and connect them to other subjects. Subjects can be plants as art (historical artwork), a hands-on activity (gardening), history (agriculture in Mesopotamia), theology (tree of life), language arts (metaphors describing plants as alive), and geography (best life to plant in your area).

The list can go on, but unit studies give power to the teacher by sharing their knowledge with the student. It gives power to the student because then the child can begin to see how everything is connected and the double meaning in all.

Best fit for:

Families that are starting homeschooling with young children. This method is a great way to help children remember concepts and see how the world is connected. By going through topics or units, your child and get a good grasp of what they need to learn, but still have the freedom to be inquisitive.

Eclectic Method

Eclectic homeschooling is a great mix of concepts that attract parents to homeschooling in the first place. Eclectic is extremely individual based, but unlike unschooling, eclectic schooling requires a personalized curriculum rather than none at all. (Source)

Classical

Eclectic classical homeschooling refers to incorporating classical or traditional methods of teaching with the flexibility of doing it at home and considering the child’s educational goals. Traditional methods of teaching are a flexible definition for homeschooling parents, but it generally means understanding classic literature, histories such as Ancient Egypt, cursive handwriting, or other culturally significant topics throughout history. (Source)

This style is a great fit for parents who know their child’s learning style best. This is done by picking out specific education goals and incorporating things that the student is interested in. This can be a combination of online or in-person. For example, a child can work on a hands-on project with their parent one day for a book report and complete web-based lessons for math.

Best fit for:

Families that want to focus on the child’s learning style and cultural topics that interest them. This can be a combination of online and in person. Think of eclectic homeschooling as a pick-and-choose method that fits the needs of your child.

Unschooling Method

Unschooling is an unconventional form of homeschooling where the child’s education is driven by their specific interests and curiosities. Unschoolers feel that a defined curriculum is unproductive and trust that children will learn what they need to through world experiences. (Source)

Unschooling is an active form of learning that is going on at all times, not just during specified hours of the day. Unschoolers trust in the experimentation process that is personalized to the student.

Because of Unschooling’s nature, it is important to check your state laws concerning homeschooling. In some states such as New York and Pennsylvania, parents need to keep a detailed portfolio that has a student’s projects, logs of field trips, books they have read and activities participated in.

Best fit for:

Families that are on the road and want to educate their children through the real-life experiences they encounter along the way. This type of schooling takes a lot of work because you are constantly researching answers to questions and not depending on a true curriculum. Double-check with state and country laws if you are living on the road.

Classical Method

Similar to the eclectic classical method, classical homeschooling focuses on traditional education topics. What makes the classical method different is that this homeschool teaching is through a Christian worldview. Common topics taught include grammar, diction, world history, Latin, science, and geometry. In short, classical homeschooling is very similar to the traditional method, but there is a heavier emphasis on Christian theology. (Source)

Classical stages

• Grammar stage
  • When young children start, students from 5 to 9 years old will memorize basic facts and focus on grammar. (Source)
  • It is about learning the English language and enjoying the process of memorization. (Source)
• Logic or dialectic stage
  • From ages 9 to 12, children complete comparing and contrast exercises. Students will begin to analyze concepts logically and reach out to other classical students for discussions.
• Rhetoric stage
  • Teenagers 13 years and older will synthesize facts and learn how to apply them to their lives. Students will learn how to debate and persuade.

The classical method focuses on traditional education topics. One such is Quadrivium, meaning the place of four roads. Those four topics are music, geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy.

Learning Latin is heavily emphasized for students. This is because the dead language will help students learn other languages quicker, appreciate history, appreciate culture, understand medical definitions easily, and understand scientific names. Understanding where the names come from will give the words a deeper meaning for students, according to the classical method.

Best fit for:

Families looking for a conservative and religious homeschool experience. The classical method is heavily based on a curriculum that can be completed in-person or online for older kids. It is also focused on debate, so this would be a good option for families wanting children with innovative minds.

Charlotte Mason Method

Born in 1842, Charlotte Mason was an author from England that paved the way for alternative teaching methods. In the mid-19th century, children were taught rigorous rules and perfect cursive. However, Mason challenged this perspective with her famous philosophy to educate the entire person of a child rather than specific aspects. (Source)

When someone says ‘Charlotte Mason’ in terms of homeschooling, they are referring to a method of thought or guidelines for homeschooling rather than a specific curriculum. Her methods include:

• Living books
  • Charlotte Mason believed in the power of literature, in which would educate the entire soul of a person, not just the academic aspects. Mason focused specifically on ‘living books’, which are typically written in narrative or story form and driven by passion. Book examples today include Charlotte’s Web, Little House on the Prairie, and Where the Red Fern Grows. (Source)
  • The goal is to have children choose what they read based on their own interests. In doing so, Mason believed that children will create their own appreciation for the written word, thus seeing learning as a hobby, not a chore. (Source)
• Varied lessons
  • When it comes to lesson length, Mason believed that should vary on the child’s age. The older your student gets, the longer and more complex the lessons should become. Despite the length, all lessons should be varied in topic to keep the interest of your student.
• Copywork
  • Copywork varies from the spiritual aspects of a child’s education. This means positive quotes, coping skills, and scripture study to fill the student’s mind with positive thoughts.
• Dictation
  • Like most school contains, Mason believed that dictation is an essential part of education. Dictation also includes spelling, sentence structure, grammar, and writing.
• Narration
  • One of the unique methods of Mason’s schooling was retelling what the child has learned. Under the age of 10, children would vocally explain to the teacher or parent what they had learned. After 10, students began to write down their thoughts.
  • This is extremely beneficial for social intelligence because this helps children be able to express how they are feeling emotionally and create new ideas educationally. (Source)
• Appreciation
  • The final staple of Mason’s work for children was to help them appreciate the beauty of the world around them. This includes nature, music, their cultural heritage, and art. Appreciation also includes spending time playing outdoors.

Best fit for:

Families that want to focus on fostering a child’s appreciation for education as well as articulation within the spoken and written word. These families may want to focus on classic literature, nature, and expression.

Waldorf Method

Created by Rudolf Steiner in the late 19th century, Waldorf homeschooling specializes in education that covers the mind, body, and spirit. Textbooks are only used when the children are older and it is necessary. Waldorf focuses a lot on morality and real-life experiences. (Source)

• Early childhood
  • Early education is focused on playing, creativity, hands-on learning, and being active. (Source)
• Elementary education
  • Once the student enters elementary school, that is when academic instruction is introduced. It is also encouraged to focus on emotion management, creativity, and imagination.
  • Art, music, gardening, and foreign language are key studies.
  • No textbooks or formal grades, but their progress is diligently charted.
• Secondary education
  • This is when students focus on critical thinking and analysis. It is encouraged to focus on free-thinking, empathy, and community service.

In terms of homeschooling, the Waldorf approach focuses less on academics and more on age-appropriate learning and increasing social intelligence. Curriculums are recommended, but most lessons are based on exploration. Waldorf also emphasizes focusing on one subject at a time, instead of multiple throughout the day.

Best fit for:

Families that want their children to learn through creativity, exploration, and empathy. Morality is a strong presence in the Waldorf method. It is an inexpensive method because a lot is learned through exploration and curriculums are in blocks of 3-6 weeks.

Montessori Method

Maria Montessori was an Italian doctor and teacher in the late 19th century who specialized in how a child learns best. Her work changed the education world and influences institutions to this day. (Source)

• mixed-age classrooms
• student collaboration
• hands-on learning
• active learning
• adult role model
• understanding, appreciating, and applying different learning styles
• freedom of choice
• guidance through emotional distress, positive thinking, and conflict resolution
• encourages students to have their own self-discipline and motivation
• find connections between core subjects such as math, history, language, and science
• creating a customized educational plan

When using the Montessori at home, these concepts remain relatively similar. The Montessori method is (like the Mason method) more of a philosophy than a specific curriculum to follow. But like a lot of other homeschooling methods that we have mentioned in this article, this method is very craft-friendly and hands-on.

Plant care is trendy, but if you’ve given it a shot, you know that plants are picky and need a specific kind of care. Luckily, there is a variety of plants that do well indoors. We have created a list based on three factors: the ability to improve air quality, endurance without water, and light needed. Once you find the right plant based on your environment, these will help you create that Pinterest-worthy home.

1. Golden Pothos

Native to the Solomon Islands, the Golden Pothos is one of the easiest houseplants to grow because of its endurance. The Golden Pothos botanical name is Epipremnum aureum and they are a vine plant type. Golden Pothos can grow 12 to 18 inches in a month, so be sure to keep them maintained by cutting unhealthy or excessive stems. The Golden Pothos can be easily propagated from a healthy stem placed in a water vase. After the roots have grown several inches long, it is ready to be planted in a pot. It is also important to note that Golden Pothos are toxic to pets and humans if eaten, but the Golden Pothos is included on NASA’s list of recommended plants for air purification. (Source)

2. Spider Plant

If you have pets or little ones, and plant toxicity is a concern, the spider plant is a great choice! The Spider Plant originates from multiple climates in Africa, so their adaptability makes them a great indoor house plant. The Spider Plant’s botanical name is Chlorophytum comosum and they are known for their greenery. Spider plants fare well in hanging pots, making them perfect for dorm rooms. They do best in bright indirect light and away from cold drafts. This plant is also on NASA’s recommended plant air purification list and in their study, the spider plant was able to remove approximately 90% of formaldehydes in the air. Formaldehydes are toxins that are naturally found in the home from construction materials or food. It can worsen allergies and cause rashes, so for health’s sake, the spider plant provides a safe home for all. (Source)

3. Aloe Vera

This succulent is more than just a decoration, Aloe Vera is known for its healing properties for sunburns and scrapes. However, Aloe Vera’s gel should only be used topically and are toxic if eaten by people or pets. Its botanical name is simply Aloe vera and this house plant does well on a window seal as it enjoys bright, indirect light. Artificial light is another great option if bright light is unavailable in your home. Water your Aloe Vera plant infrequently, but when you do, make sure the soil is very damp. This is a great starter plant because care is essential, but does not demand your attention daily.

4. ZZ Plant

Has every plant you’ve ever owned died miraculously or do you consider yourself a “brown thumb”? Then the ZZ Plant should be your next buy. Known for being an “indestructible” house plant that can handle neglect and low lighting, the ZZ Plant requires little water. Its botanical name is Zamioculcas zamiifolia, so many shorten its name to ZZ. It has the characteristics of Cacti so it is perfect for the beginner gardener. For this plant, less really is more! (Source)

5. Snake Plant

Not to be confused with the Spider plant, the Snake Plant one of, if not, the most oxygen-producing indoor plant. Its botanical name is Sansevieria trifasciata and they are easy to care for because they can live in low light conditions with little watering. Snake Plants are perfect for indoors because of how effective they are in improving air quality. They generally require low amounts of maintenance and absorb toxins and formaldehyde just like the Spider Plant. What makes these plants different is that the Snake Plant is better suited for a large pot placed on the floor. The Spider and Snake Plant are both great options, it simply depends on which decor you would like for your home. (Source)

6. Azalea

If you are looking for a flower to brighten your home, Azaleas are easy to care for, especially for shaded and cooler areas. Its botanical name is Rhododendron and it is important to note is that Azaleas are easily damaged by overwatering and desperately need proper drainage. If this does not happen, Azaleas will develop root rot diseases. While this may seem daunting at first, this is a great shallow-planted flower that teaches its caregiver the importance of proper watering and a shaded environment. (Source)

7. Majesty Palm

Majesty Palms are great for adding a tropical feel to a not-so-tropical home. Their botanical name is Ravenea rivularis and is indeed a tropical plant. Despite other tropical plants, Majesty Palms are low maintenance, resilient, and grow slowly. They can handle low light levels but do best in indirect light. Some misting from a spray bottle to maintain humidity should keep your palm plant happy. Majesty Palms are best suited in warmer conditions, so cold homes are not a great fit. (Source)

8. Rubber Plant

The Rubber Plant is a great addition as an indoor house plant. Their botanical name is ficus elastica and do best in bright, indirect sunlight with a well-drained pot. Rubber Plants do not need to be watered frequently and can grow to extreme heights. They are a tree plant type, but don’t let that intimidate you. With a bit of trimming and love, these little trees are a great addition to any apartment.

9. Boston Fern

Last but certainly not least, the Boston Fern is also known for its ability to purify the air. It’s botanical name is Nephrolepis exaltata and they can thrive in hanging pots like the Spider Plant. What makes them different is that the Boston Fern enjoys humidity. If they are placed in a dry climate, a spritz of water from a spray bottle will do the trick to keep the soil and leaves damp, just like the Majesty Palm. The Boston Fern is certainly a dainty addition to a living space. (Source)

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When your canine companion eats a spicy substance, it is easy to become alarmed. What does it mean if my dog eats spicy foods? Can dogs taste the spice and do I need to take any action if they ate spicy food?

Dogs cannot taste spicy foods like humans because they lack a protein that allows them to feel the spicy sensation. Because of this, dogs only react to heat. Spice can cause mouth pain, diarrhea, and vomiting in dogs. Symptoms that last longer than 12-24 hours must be treated by a veterinarian.

To understand more of the complexities of your dog’s taste preferences and smell capabilities, continue reading!

Can Dogs Eat Spicy Foods?

Your dog can digest spicy foods, but it is not a good idea to feed them to your pooch.

Spices contain toxins that may not be a cause for alarm in humans, but they do raise a red flag for your dog’s health. This means a pepper that is mild to us may be extremely hot and even dangerous for your dog.

Spicy foods can make your dogs excessively thirsty. If a dog drinks too much water, it can lead to vomiting and weight loss.

Eating spicy foods can include short-term stomach issues like gas and diarrhea or long-term conditions such as canine pancreatitis if not treated immediately or properly.

Can Dogs Taste Spices?

Dogs cannot taste and experience the spicy sensation that humans do. This is because dogs have about 1700 taste receptors while humans have approximately 9000. (Source)

However, dogs have an extremely sophisticated sense of smell! Depending on the breed, dogs have about 125 million sensory glands in their noses! Humans only have 5 to 10 million.

The smell is a dog’s primary sense. It’s how they do social interactions and enjoy their environment. Because of this, if something smells good to your dog, it will taste good too. This is why some dogs love spicy foods – they just smell so good!

This is also why some other dogs are picky eaters. If something does not smell good to your dog, they likely won’t eat it. Most dogs are especially sensitive to hot foods such as peppers or hot sauce, which are common ingredients in many spicy foods.

Other times, your dog is just smart! It is speculated that dogs are picky because they are waiting for something a little more delicious than what they are offered.

In the end, dogs are more carried away by the aroma of a meal but cannot taste it as well as we humans do – and a reason why dogs are so food driven by meals like pungent leftovers from your trash can. (Source)

What Spices are Okay for My Dog to Eat?

Spices that are okay for your dog to eat are basil, ginger, turmeric, parsley, and cinnamon.

Basil may even be healthy for your dog, especially for those who struggle with arthritis and moodiness. Contact your vet for further and specific information on this.

What Spices are Not Okay for My Dog to Eat?

Spices that are not okay for your dog to eat are onion, nutmeg, cocoa powder, garlic, and salt. Each of these spices has a high salt content which is bad for your dog’s health.

In the wild, a dog’s diet is about 80% meat, which is a salty substance. By making salt less palatable, and even unwanted, nature protected dogs from excessive salt intake that can be harmful to a canine’s digestion. (Source)

It’s not worth it to feed your dog spicy foods. They can’t taste the difference and it can cause stomach and digestive issues.

What Should I Do If My Dog Eats Spicy Foods?

If your dog does eat a spicy meal, high chances are that if it is in small amounts or immediate action has been taken, your furry friend is going to be okay.

Spicy foods contain a compound called capsaicin, which is an irritant to dogs. Depending on how sensitive your dog’s stomach is, some spicy foods can go down just fine for certain dogs, while others will experience serious pain.

The best thing to do when your dog eats a spicy meal, regardless of how much they actually ate, is to keep an eye on any signs that your dog is in distress or discomfort.

Signs of distress include increased thirst, increased urination, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive drooling, watery eyes, and excessive crying or barking.

If any of these symptoms last more than 12 to 24 hours or are excessive, take your dog to your local veterinarian so they can receive treatment.

How Should I Keep My Dog From Eating Spicy Foods?

If your dog is not the picky type, you will need to take steps to ensure your dog doesn’t eat spicy food.

Keep any open or closed boxes of spicy food away from countertops. Keep a closed door to the kitchen pantry. Have a consistent time for breakfast and dinner with aromatic meals your dog enjoys.

If your dog is eating a lot of human food, it can be a sign they are hungry or dissatisfied with their current diet. If your dog is eating spicy food in excess, their sense of smell has a higher tolerance and affinity for it, so it is appealing to them.

Contact your vet if you have specific concerns about any odd or excessive behaviors. Most of the time, if your dog loves spicy foods, it does not indicate an underlying health condition.

Can Spicy Foods Kill My Dog?

Spicy foods themselves cannot kill your dog, but if your dog is not treated correctly and eats spicy foods in large amounts, spicy foods can reduce your dog’s lifespan or cause other lifelong problems.

Many spices are toxic to dogs, especially potent spices often found in spicy foods, meaning that they can cause short or long-term harm to your dog. However, spices are not poisonous to dogs, so they won’t kill your dog unless they consume an excessive amount of spices. If you keep your dog from eating spicy foods, you won’t have to worry about whether or not they will be harmed.

The cactus is a popular houseplant indoors and outdoors. Despite their thorny structures, many fall in love with this plant because it is so self-reliant. If you to grow your own cactus, can you propagate a cactus from cactus pads?

Yes, you can propagate a cactus from cactus pads. To remove a cactus pad, you must use tongs, gloves, and a sterilized knife to prevent cross-contamination. Wait for the plant’s wounds to callous and then sturdily plant the cactus pad in a pot filled with damp soil or a glass vessel with water.

To gain information on how to propagate a cactus from a cactus pad and more information on the cactus, continue reading below.

Tools

The most popular kind of cactus to easily propagate is the padded cactus or plants in the Opuntieae tribe. This is because they have cactus pads, or “prickly pears”. A cactus can also be propagated from its stem, but pads are your best bet. Besides getting past the pesky spikes, cactus propagation t is a relatively easy process! (Source)

First, you need trustworthy gloves. These need to be designed for handling a cactus or extremely durable because the spikes of a cactus are certainly painful! The most popular choice material is leather, but another option is nitrile-dipped working gloves. Leather can still be broken through by spikes because leather resembles skin, so nitrile-dipped gloves are better for resisting multiple thin spikes. For long spikes, the best bet is to layer gloves no matter the material. Long sleeves are also a good idea. (Source)

Second, you need a cutting tool. This can be a knife or razor, but tongs are recommended to hold the pad steady as you take on this dangerous task. Pruning shears are also not recommended because clean cuts without jagged edges give the best results. The sharp tool needs to be sterilized to prevent cross-contamination and death of the cactus pad. (Source)

Third, you need a place to garden. This can be a pot of soil or an outside garden, but good cactus soil is gritty and does not need much potting soil. Because the cactus can do well with little water, proper drainage is extremely important. You can also purchase pre-made cactus soil or a cactus grower. Make sure the setting is in a place with indirect lighting. (Source)

Step 1: Preparation

To start the propagation process, cut a cactus pad off of the cactus. Make sure the pad looks healthy and green. Sometimes cactus pads are able to pop off easily, but for the stubborn ones, there is no way to do it other than giving it a shot with your best knife! You can also buy prepared cactus pads online, but for a more organic experience, cutting off the cactus pad is the way to go.

After obtaining your cactus pad, the process comes to a halt for a few days. Place the cactus pad in a bright location so that the cuts you made can callous over and prevent any infection of the plant. This also prevents bacteria or fungus from getting into the structure of your cactus.

Step 2: Planting

Once you have your soil ready and the cactus pad is calloused and healthy, it’s time to place your new cactus! You want the cutting to remain close to the surface because a cactus will prefer shallow roots. This is because when a cactus does receive water, it can be collected and stored as quickly as possible. Again, make sure the setting is not directly under bright light. If your cactus is in a pot, it can do well on the window seal, kitchen counter or nightstand.

The best way to give your cactus some healthy roots is to mist the soil every day or two. After 2 to 3 weeks, it is time to do the ultimate test. Give your cactus a light tug and if there is resistance, then your cactus has created strong roots and is off to a great start! (Source)

You can also root your cactus in water, however it is more tricky. You need a glass pot (a see through vessel is not necessary, but very cool!) and regular water. The difference between propagating with water and soil is that with water, your cactus pad needs to have some stem left so that roots can grow deeper rather than shallow. Do not include any leaves.

You can cover the top of the glass with a plastic wrap with a whole for the top to stem through. This adds structure for your plant as it begins to grow. You can place the stem slightly above or completely in the water. Placing your cactus slightly above water is thought to create stronger roots as they need to gravitate and work towards the moisture. Set your glass vessel near lots of light because this plant will take longer and need more strength to propagate than with traditional soil. Check the water levels regularly and if it gets murky, replace it with clean water to prevent infection. (Source)

Cactus Pad Uses

What is a cactus pad and why would you want to propagate in the first place? “Nopales” in Spanish, a cactus pad is the flat leaf of a cactus. The cactus is a durable plant mostly seen in desert regions in the Americas. A healthy cactus pad is green, sturdy and without dark, moldy spots. They are spiky, fleshy and even edible! Cactus pads have been used in recipes in indigenous cultures for thousands of years. The flavor is similar to that of a green vegetable, such as asparagus, green peppers, zucchini or green beans. A cactus pad is mild in flavor, crunchy and slightly sour.

The cactus pad is slightly sticky, which is a great thickening agent for soup. A highly nutritious option, a cactus pad is full of protein, calcium, fiber, vitamin C and anti-inflammatory properties. When cooking a cactus pad, choose one that is small, firm and bright green. Boiling or sautéing a cactus pad are the best options. (Source)

Whether it is to create traditional meals or add to your plant collection, propagating a cactus from a cactus pad is easy as it is rewarding!

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Bringing home a puppy is the same as bringing home a new family member with a unique personality of their own. Puppies have no words to say how they feel, so it’s up to you to figure out what their eating schedule should be like. How long after puppies eat should they use the restroom?

A puppy will need to go outside an average of 15 minutes after eating or drinking. The younger and smaller the puppy, the sooner it will need to go. Keep an eye on a puppy’s behavioral patterns after mealtime to create a specialized bathroom routine.

To understand how to recognize your puppy’s behavioral patterns and the different times you should take your puppy outside, continue reading!

When Should my Puppy go Outside?

There are multiple times a day when your puppy should go outside to use the bathroom, not just after they have their big meal.

After Meals

Your puppy should go outside between 5 to 30 minutes after mealtime, with an average of 15 minutes. This depends on the age, size, and breed of your puppy, so it is crucial to do your personal research on your own breed.

Generally, all puppies should go outside no longer than 30 minutes to go outside after mealtime, but some experts recommend taking your furry friend outside immediately after they eat.

After a Drink of Water

When your puppy drinks water, treat this like a meal. Keep an eye on how your puppy is behaving and take them outside 5 to 30 minutes after they had a drink.

Puppies must go to the restroom during their morning and evening routine, however, there are other times they should go outside which will be helpful for potty training.

After Playtime

Take your puppy outside after playtime! Your puppy’s digestive tract will be stimulated and replicate what it feels like to go to the bathroom.

This will help reinforce to your puppy that the outdoors are where they can use the restroom.

After Naps

Treat naps the same as your morning routines. Because puppies are just like small babies, their nap times leave them vulnerable to accidents in the house.

Take your puppy outside right after a nap. (Source)

What is the Best Routine For a Puppy?

Puppies rely on consistency. Their routines must be the same every day, just like a little child, because your dog is in a completely new environment.

This kind of stability will help your new friend feel more relaxed and easier to potty train because of it.

Morning

In the morning, dogs should go outside immediately to use the bathroom.

It is recommended that after going to the bathroom, let your puppy run around or play with you to get their energy out and associate going to the bathroom and time with you as positive.

Feed your puppy by putting your puppy’s food down for 15 minutes. After this time, pick up the bowl and wait until the next meal to give them food. This will help your puppy learn good eating habits.

As mentioned before, take your puppy to go outside or to your designated bathroom area after any time they eat. Even if your mornings are busy, making time for your puppy to play, eat, and use the bathroom is how they can start their day happily.

Afternoon

The afternoon is the perfect time for your puppy to take a nap. If you have a designated sleeping spot, crate, or “place”, direct your puppy there. This will help your dog know how to be alone if needed and reduce symptoms of separation anxiety.

After nap time, direct your puppy out to the restroom and let him run around. A puppy’s life is simple and mundane, but consistency and room for play brings them joy.

Evening

Feed your puppy dinner – and you guessed it, take him outside! After this, set your puppy in his crate with a chew toy so that he can learn good manners while your family eats dinner.

It is helpful to set a separate time for your dog to eat so that there is no temptation to feed him human food during dinner. Of course, this routine is up to you and your personal lifestyle. (Source)

Bedtime

As long as your dog’s bedtime is consistent, it doesn’t matter when he should go to sleep. Dogs sleep 18 to 20 hours away, so no matter what time they may initially fall asleep, they will get their shut-eye at some point throughout the day. (Source)

How do I Know When my Puppy Needs to go Potty?

There are a few key behavioral signs that your pooch shows when they need to use the restroom. Knowing these signs will help with potty training.

Sniffing the Ground

One of the most telling signs that your puppy needs to use the restroom is if they are sniffing the floor. Dogs do this to find the perfect place to do their business.

Commonly, if the puppy has had an accident in the house before, they will sniff that same area because they understand that is a safe spot and where they can use the restroom.

If you are keeping a close watch when your puppy is sniffing the ground, you can gently guide them outdoors and begin the process of potty training.

Whining or Barking

While barking can seem annoying, it is our dog’s way of communicating with us or getting our attention. While we associate dogs barking at them warning us of intruders, barking can also mean they just need to go outside.

Walking in Circles or Fidgeting

If your dog is walking in circles or moving around excessively, this can mean they need to use the potty.

There are several theories as to why dogs circle before they do their business, one theory is that because dogs go to the restroom on the grass, going in circles moves the grass and any potential predators around.

It could also be the dogs leaving their territorial mark.

Standing by the door

This is usually uncommon for puppies that are younger because they do not understand potty training quite yet, but it’s important to note.

If your puppy is pacing by your front or back door, they probably need to go outside.

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The Lagotto Romagnolo, meaning “lake dog”, is an Italian breed of hypoallergenic dog. They are known for being both adorable and hardworking. So, how much do these adorable puppies cost?

A Lagotto Romagnolo puppy costs between $1,800 and $5,000. Factors like gender, size, weight, and location of purchase can change the price of a Lagotto Romagnolo puppy. This dog breed is considered rare, originates from Italy, and weighs under 35 pounds.

The Lagotto Romagnolo is loyal, loving, and a great addition to a new family. Continue reading to understand more about the cost and care of a Lagotto Romagnolo puppy.

How Much Does a Lagotto Puppy Cost?

Lagotto Romagnolo puppies are on the more expensive side. Some puppies are only $1,500, while others are as pricey as $5,000. On average, Lagotto Romagnolos cost $3,000. (Source)

They are so expensive because these dogs are more common in Europe than in America, so they are somewhat rare, especially because each Logotto Romagnolos litter only has about 4-6 puppies. The rarer the breed, the more expensive the puppies are. Because of this, you may have to pay import prices to get your Lagotto Romagnolo puppy.

How Big Do Lagottos Get?

Male Lagotto Romagnolos grow to be 17 to 19 inches tall and 28 to 35 pounds, while female Lagottos grow to be about 14 to 16 inches tall and 24 to 31 pounds, so they are small to medium-sized dogs.

Lagottos live for about 14 to 16 years. Because of their purebred status, Lagotto Romagnolos are classified as rare dogs.

What is Their Temperament?

The Lagotto Romagnolo is a sweet, loyal, and friendly dog breed. These dogs do well with other dogs and young children.

Lagottos can make excellent watchdogs as they focus easily when assigned tasks.

These dogs can veer towards shyness if not properly socialized as puppies, but traditionally, the Lagotto is a social breed and should not be left alone for long periods of time.

How Much Training is Needed?

It is important to introduce these puppies to lots of new things at a young age. This breed is highly adaptable as long as they are not overly sheltered at first. (Source)

Historically, Lagotto Romagnolos were bred as active working dogs. This eagerness to please makes them highly trainable. Lagottos thrive off of praise, so reward them for a job well done to keep them engaged. (Source)

Working on crate training and housebreaking at a young age is necessary. As puppies, Lagottos should be left in their crate when left unsupervised, even overnight.

Lagotto is often used as competition dogs due to their intelligence, athleticism, and drive. They are trained for competitions such as nose work, jumping, swimming, obedience, and tracking.

They are excellent problem solvers. These dogs are seen as search and rescue dogs as well as therapy dogs. This is due to their natural ability to search, sniff out issues, and calm people or even other dogs down when experiencing feelings of distress.

What Should They Be Eating?

Feed young Laggotto Romagnolos puppy food until they are about 6 months old. By then, you can begin to slowly transition them to adult food.

Lagottos do not do well on high protein diets. In fact, too much protein at a young age has been linked to accelerated growth, which can be harmful to them later on in life. (Source)

It’s best for the Lagotto Romagnolo to be given food at scheduled, consistent times and to have constant access to water so they can drink what they need throughout the day.

Avoid giving your dog human food. Their nutritional needs are vastly different from ours and specifically other breeds. If you are uncertain about which dog food is best for your dog, reach out to your local vet or a licensed Lagotto breeder.

How Much Grooming Maintenance is Needed?

Although it is generally a low-maintenance breed, there is an ideal way for a Lagotto Romagnolo to be groomed. The Lagotto’s curly hair can give it an appearance similar to that of a poodle, but it should not be groomed the same way. (Source)

The hair around its muzzle and eyes should be kept longer, as it naturally protects its eyes and face. The hair on the chest, underbelly, inner thighs, and beneath the tail is where matting is most likely to occur, so these areas should be cut short.

The tail should also be groomed shorter in order to preserve hygiene and prevent the dog from getting debris stuck. It should be shaped like a carrot, wider at the base and tapered at the tip.

Do not use a brush on a Lagotto Romagnolo. This strips the undercoat and ruins the dog’s hair. Lagotto Romagnolos need their undercoat because it provides warmth, waterproofing, and protection.

Puppies don’t have their undercoat yet, so they need to be protected when temperatures drop.

When your Lagotto Romagnolo has fully groomed, the coat on the head, bridge of the nose, and around the eyes should be longer, and the coat on the legs should appear longer.

To make the ears less likely to get caught or torn by branches, the lower ear and around the ear should be trimmed very short but kept longer at the front so they blend in with the head.

Does a Lagotto Need a lot of Exercise?

The Lagotto Romagnolo was originally bred as a hunter. Over the years, these hunting skill were replaced with a desire to search, so they need plenty of time to exercise, although not in extreme amounts.

These dogs do best with fairly active families. They love to play and will gladly learn any tricks or games you want to teach them.

Lagotto Romagnolos love to get outside and sniff around. They are working dogs and do best when they feel they have something to do. Although they do not need to feel like they have a task to complete, they do prefer to be active as much as possible.

This breed will continue to be playful well into adulthood. Because they were originally bred to hunt waterfowl, these dogs are excellent swimmers and love to play in the water with their families.

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When bringing your golden retriever puppy home for the first time, it is important to set a daily schedule to reduce anxiety. How much should Golden Retriever puppies be sleeping?

Golden Retriever puppies need to sleep 18 to 20 hours a day to ensure a healthy immune system, balanced appetite, release hormones, and provide energy to the brain and body. Golden Retriever puppies need a stable sleep routine to improve their quality of sleep and overall health.

To understand how much Golden Retriever puppies sleep depending on their age and how to set a balanced sleep schedule, continue reading!

How Much Does a 2-Month-Old Golden Retriever Puppy Sleep?

Golden Retrievers, young or old, need a large amount of sleep.

Puppies 8 to 10 weeks old (or about 2 months old) will sleep for 18 to 20 hours a day, so there is no need to be concerned when your puppy is playing ferociously and then promptly falls asleep.

In order for your puppy to mature in a healthy time span, sleep is important because it releases vital growth hormones and energy for the body.

How Can My Puppy Release their Energy so they Can Sleep Better?

When your puppy is 8 to 10 weeks old, not only should they be getting proper amounts of sleep, but they should be participating in canine social skills.

You can sign up for a puppy kindergarten class, which helps build proper social skills such as bite inhibition and socialization in new environments.

This also gives puppies a healthy way to release their bundle of energy so that they can sleep well.

Playing with your puppy will also help them use their energy so they can sleep well.

Does Teething Make My Puppy More Tired?

If your puppy is teething, keep an eye on how this process affects their sleeping habits. Teething can make a puppy more tired because of the discomfort, but it should not change the puppy’s day other than some extra chewing, whining, drooling, and barking.

In fact, it’s more common for puppies to become more rambunctious while teething to cope with the pain, so they will sleep less rather than more.

If your puppy is lethargic while teething, or sleeping more than 20 hours, this can show an underlying health issue that requires a visit to the vet.

What are the 3 Stages of Sleep for Golden Retrievers?

There are three stages of sleep for all dogs. This includes naps, sleep, and Rapid Eye Movement that is also known as REM.

Naps

Naps happen when dogs are bored or have nothing to do during the day. Their minds are still awake and their muscles are not completely relaxed. This means they can wake up at any time. For puppies, naps happen because they are necessary.

Sleep

Sleep happens at night. A dog’s muscles are completely relaxed and they do not wake up for long periods of time.

Rapid Eye Movement

Rapid Eye Movement is when dreaming happens. This is when you see your puppy’s eyes twitch, run in their sleep, or even bark. This is all completely normal and just means your dog is dreaming.

Do Young Golden Retriever Puppies Sleep Easily Through the Night?

Like babies, Golden Retriever puppies may have a hard time sleeping through the night, especially when they first move into your home and still need to get used to the new environment.

By the time they are 16 weeks old (or 4 months old), puppies are able to sleep through the night because they have settled into your home, established a routine, and they don’t have to go to the bathroom multiple times every night.

How Can I Set a Sleep Routine for My Puppy?

Dogs are similar to humans. Our brains love routines! Like when puppies know that it’s time to eat, sleeping can be the same way. Young puppies may not sleep through the night because they are nervous about their new environment, are teething, or have to use the bathroom in the middle of the night.

There are many ways to establish a quality sleep routine for your puppy.

Go Potty Before Bed

Take your puppy to go to the bathroom right before they go to bed. That way, when they go outside to use the bathroom, they will know that it’s time to wind down and go to sleep.

Sleep in a Consistent Place

Have your Golden Retriever puppy sleep in the same place every night. This creates less stress for your little friend because they will be going somewhere that is familiar and is associated with sleep.

Keep the Sleeping Area Dim and Quiet

Reducing bright lights and loud noises will encourage your puppy to fall asleep faster. This will indicate that everyone in the home is sleeping and tell them that it’s time for them to sleep as well.

Go to the Restroom When Needed

When your puppy needs to use the bathroom in the middle of the night, be gentle. If you react aggressively, your puppy will associate nighttime with stress. Reacting without a big emotion will help to build trust.

Go Outside in the Morning

Have your puppy wake up at the same time every day and let them run around outside! This will help your Golden Retriever get their energy out and associate waking up with something positive.

Should I Let My Golden Retriever Puppy Sleep with Me?

Sleeping with your puppy can ease anxiety symptoms for both dogs and humans. However, because dogs and humans have different sleep cycles, this can affect the quality of sleep you both get.

In many cultures, dogs and their owners have slept in the same space. In the United States, it is more frowned upon and assumed to be the cause of behavioral problems.

Research shows that co-sleeping with your dog does not automatically cause behavioral problems. Any problems that come up are most likely due to previous issues.

If you are concerned about dealing with behavioral issues while trying to sleep, place your puppy’s bed close to yours. This way, you can still create a bond while still having your space.

How Much do Older Golden Retriever Puppies Sleep?

By the time Golden Retrievers are adolescents or 1 year old, their sleep time will decrease. Fully grown Golden Retrievers will sleep 12 to 14 hours a day. Senior Golden Retrievers may sleep 15 to 20 hours a day.

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The world’s largest and most prehistoric-looking lizard has a deadly bite that likes to be kept hidden. What is the Komodo Dragon all about and why are they so dangerous? What do I need to know about a Komodo Dragon’s set of teeth?

Komodo Dragons have 60 serrated teeth that are one inch long. These teeth are hidden under thick gums that are sharp, but easily broken. Komodo Dragons lose their teeth often and can go through as many as five sets in their lifetime. Their teeth are meant to cut through flesh rather than crush prey.

To learn more about the complexities of this endangered lizard, from its teeth to its ancestry, continue reading below.

Does a Komodo Dragon have Teeth?

While Komodo Dragons somewhat resemble the lovable dragon ‘Toothless’ from Dreamwork’s How to Train Your Dragon, their teeth do follow suit. Komodo Dragons look like they don’t have teeth, but beneath viscous and fleshy gums lay 60 serrated teeth that are an inch long.

This gives the dragon a loveable appearance, only until they are ready to eat when their teeth make a frightening appearance. Interestingly enough, a Komodo Dragon’s teeth are not visibly shown often until biting through flesh. (Source)

Komodo Dragon’s teeth actually face backward, which is the best method for tearing through their meat. This is because even if a victim escapes, some of the flesh is still left behind for the lizard to feed on. It’s no surprise that Komodo Dragons have sharp teeth, but interestingly enough, their teeth are not the strongest. This lizard’s teeth break frequently and they can go through up to five sets of teeth during the course of their 30 to 50-year lives.

So, does a Komodo Dragon have teeth? The answer is yes! How else could they destroy their prey? Are their teeth easily seen? No, but they are quickly and easily felt by their victims.

Does a Komodo Dragon’s Teeth Contain Venom?

Not quite! A Komodo Dragon’s saliva is actually what contains that nasty and deadly venom, not their teeth. Science is obsessed with this unique poison because a Komodo Dragon’s saliva contains properties that prevent blood clotting, causing their victim to slowly bleed to death in something as simple as one bite. Komodo Dragons have 50 different strains of toxic bacteria, making it an interesting process to study. Even better, the study of venoms like these can help doctors and researchers create powerful medicines. (Source)

That’s right! One bite from a Komodo Dragon is enough to kill another large animal.

When a Komodo Dragon bites down on their prey, the pressure on top of their gums lets their deadly and painful venom leak out to the surface and into the victim’s bloodstream. Once a victim runs away, they will bleed to death over the course of a few days with a Komodo Dragon following close behind.

This makes them scavengers, killing their victims with minimal effort. Because of this method, Komodo Dragons can kill victims up to ten times their size.

The Komodo Dragon truly takes the term “a slow and painful death” to a whole new level!

BBC Earth Unplugged YouTube channel shows how a Komodo Dragon’s venom destroys the blood’s ability to clot, as well as the gentle nature of some Komodo Dragons towards humans. Click below to watch.

Can Komodo Dragons Smell?

Komodo Dragons have an impeccable sense of smell. They are able to sense a dead animal that is over a mile away, giving the dragons the advantage to easily stalk their game. For this reason, Komodo Dragons are generally scavengers rather than cold-blooded murderers. The lizards leave their lethal drool to do the dirty work for them. (Source)

Because Komodo Dragons are scavengers with a great sense of smell, they will usually engage in a feeding frenzy, similar to that of a shark. Other than mothers and their children, this is one of the few times Komodo Dragons gather together, as they prefer a solitary life.

How Strong is a Komodo Dragon?

Komodo Dragons are tough! These lizards can eat as much as 80% of their body weight in one meal and have a bite force of 500 to 600 PSI, or pounds per square inch. This is actually quite a weak bite compared to an Australian saltwater crocodile which was a bite force of 3,7000 pounds per square inch.0

A Komodo Dragon’s bite force is not strong enough to cause a massive amount of damage to a human, but the sharp, serrated teeth alongside their dangerous venom will kill a person in a few hours. (Source)

How Does a Komodo Dragon Hunt?

Komodo Dragons resemble a snake with four legs, down to their head shape and forked tongue. As mentioned before, these lizards have an amazing smell. A lot of it is thanks to their mouths, where they are able to smell and taste with their tongues. A Komodo Dragon’s tongue can pick molecules from the air, helping them understand details about their prey, such as the type and location of their prey and other potential meals.

Komodo Dragons have a wide jaw and equally wide bite. Dragons are able to swallow a whole pig (or a wild boar) in less than 20 minutes. They are quick eaters with large bodies. The largest verified Komodo Dragon living in the wild was 10.3 feet long and 336 pounds heavy with an empty stomach.

Another way Komodo Dragons lock their victims in place is through their powerful claws. Their claws act like another set of teeth, tearing apart and dismembering the local and innocent animals. Komodo Dragons also have quick maneuvering skills, so while they may not be the strongest animal in the world, they are tough, quick, and have their fair of sharp weapons.

These lizards are known to work smart rather than hard. They can also be aggressive, but they are not often aggressive towards tourists because they are so well protected. While humans have been recorded as a meal for this lizard, Komodo Dragons typically eat Timor deer, water buffalo, goats, monkeys, and wild boars.

Any Komodo Dragons under 5 to 6 feet will live a life in the trees in order not to be eaten by their neighbors. As for the young and small dragons, they eat lizards, snakes, and birds. Although they are little, smaller Komodo Dragons are excellent hunters but will often lose their meal to larger dragons. Sometimes, it is hard being a young carnivorous lizard. (Source)

Where Do Komodo Dragons Live?

Known as ‘King of the Lizards’, Komodo Dragons live natively in southeastern Indonesia on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Gili Montag, Gili Dasami, and Flores. There are only about 4,000 dragons left in the world, making them an endangered species. Most of the dragons live on the island of Flores.

Komodo dragons have the smallest habitat of any large predator! They live with temperatures that go up to 95 degrees Fahrenheit, on top of 70 percent humidity. To cope with this heat, some lizards will rest in burrows as homes. A dragon’s life is a lazy one full of basking in the sun and looking around for food. They also live and hunt alone.

These lizards were found by infamous Dutch explorer Lieutenant van Steyn van Hensbroek. Surprisingly, scientists did not know about Komodo Dragons until 1912, proving to the world there was still more to be discovered.

Today, Komodo National Park is the only place in the world where these dragons live besides zoos. The park was created in 1980 in order to protect this endangered lizard. It is located within the Lesser Sunda Islands and even though the park is extremely remote, Komodo Park is a popular tourist location. (Source)

The Komodo Dragon is actually at the top of the food chain on the Lesser Sunda Islands. The real predator of a Komodo Dragon is only other Komodo Dragons! While humans have threatened this species into a vulnerable state in the past, Komodo Dragons are strictly protected today thanks to the Komodo National Park and its rangers. (Source)

The park’s workers don’t tend too much to the Komodo Dragons because they want them to live as natural of a life as possible in the wild. However, wild Komodo Dragons get stressed if there is a high amount of tourists, so park rangers make it very clear that humans need to stay away from Komodo Dragons.

Because of the size of the park, low amount of rangers, and high amount of tourists, poaching of local animals is still happening. Most of the local villagers believe that the dragons are and always have been very dangerous, but attacks are rare and the number of tourists that come to the park sometimes limits the poaching that occurs. (Source)

Are Komodo Dragons Dangerous to Humans?

Komodo Dragons tend to leave the locals alone and can even be friendly to human caretakers. But it is important to always be careful! Komodo Dragons are known to be unpredictable.

Komodo Dragons have bodies that are extremely durable. These lizards are known to be built like armor and have dragon-like scales with tiny chips of bone that protect these big lizards from their volcanic environments and other Komodo Dragons, which are the only other real predator of the islands.

Humans have threatened this species until a vulnerable state in the past, but today they are strictly protected. A Komodo Dragon’s tail is extremely powerful that can make a grown man fall with just one ferocious swipe.

Local villages and Komodo Dragons live in a tense and slim harmony with each other. From the years 2007 to 2009, two locals, a boy, and a fisherman were killed by Komodo Dragons.

Villagers are known to build their homes on pedestals to keep the lizards from wandering in and looking for food. This has become more common as resources are becoming scarce. However, if humans are bitten by a Komodo Dragon, they have a fair chance of living compared to other teachers if immediately taken to the hospital. (Source)

Because the shared space is limited, local villagers do live alongside Komodo Dragons. They built their homes on pedestals to refrain from the lizard wandering in and looking for food as resources have become scarce.

Now that we understand a bit about a Komodo Dragon’s teeth, hunting, and living styles, let’s read further for extra facts about these magnificent creatures.

What Else Should I Know About the Komodo Dragon?

Komodo Dragons are considered to be monitor lizards, which are large lizards native to Asia, Oceania, and Africa. But monitor lizards, or Varanus, have an extensive history,

An ancient but famous monitor lizard is the Megalania, or where the Komodo Dragon derives from. Megalania lived in Australia, originating 1.5 million years ago and dying out 50,000 years ago. They are taller than humans and essentially mega Komodo Dragons. There are a lot of gaps in the history of the Komodo Dragons.

While they live in Indonesia today, their ancestry is from Australia. In comparison to other lizards from the Komodo’s ancestral line, the Komodo Dragon is quite small. (Source)

Komodo Dragons also have interesting personalities. They are lazy by day, sleepy by night, ferocious when hungry, and always territorial. These dragons can grow from 6 to 10 feet long and weigh 150 to 300 pounds. Females are traditionally lighter than males and both genders take about 8 to 9 years to fully mature.

Female Komodo Dragons may lay up to 30 eggs that are fiercely protected for many months. Once they are born, Komodo Dragons are only 12 inches. Being this vulnerable, baby Komodo Dragons immediately run away into the trees to avoid being eaten by their own mother or other Komodo Dragons. (Source)

It’s a crazy life to be a Komodo Dragon with razor-sharp teeth, poisonous venom, and all that comes with being a cold-blooded killer. While Komodo Dragons are endangered and ferocious, Komodo Dragons live their solitary and aggressive lifestyle in peace among the isolated islands in Indonesia. No one knows what can set off a dragon, only time will tell if these creatures will be able to reach higher population numbers.

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For many farm animal owners, to own a goat is to love a goat. But when you notice your goat kneeling often, especially in silly ways, your mind begins to wander and begs the question: why do goats kneel in the first place?

Goats will kneel to eat their food, rest, out of habit, or because of infection. Goats have callouses on their knees, which can be more comfortable to be on than walking or standing. Some goats that walk on their knees, which is known as carpal walking, have Laminitis.

To understand the behavior of goats, signs of illness to look out for, goat diseases to keep in mind, and how to correct this behavior if it becomes excessive, continue reading below!

Why Do Goats Kneel?

Kneeling goats makes for a funny picture or video to share online, but did you know that there are many reasons why a goat will kneel? Some make the case that a goat on its knees is a goat that is not feeling well. Others beg to differ and say that not all kneeling goats have health issues. Regardless, we will review all perspectives in this article.

All goats, even wild ones, have a section of calloused skin on their knees to act as knee pads — kind of like kneepads that people use while skating! Oftentimes, if a goat is tired, lazy, or just in the habit of doing so, it will rest on its knees while eating. Other times, goats kneel while eating for more technical reasons. If your goat is eating food that is low-grown or is in a pile on the ground, it is simply easier for your furry friend to reach its meal on its knees than while it is standing.

How Do I Know When My Goat is Kneeling Because it is Sick?

Sometimes when your goat kneels, it may be a sign that they are in pain or they have an infection. Some goats will walk on their knees often, maybe for a period of a few days at a time, before stopping. However, the vet Dr. Joseph Mugachia found something interesting when goats walked on their knees, which is known as carpal walking.

Dr. Mugachia observed sheep and goats in Kenya, Africa for eight days. He noticed some goats would sit on their front knees for long periods of time while eating, and some would sit on their carpal joints. Their eating and drinking behaviors were normal, and some goats would stop kneeling after two to three days. Dr. Mugachia noticed that after some time, two goats kneeled consistently.

After treating the animals, Dr. Mugachia encourages farm animal owners to make sure their goats are dewormed. He also advises owners to notice where their goats are kneeling. Goats that kneel on the carpal joint, or the joint just above the hoof, is a definite sign that your goat has an infection or foot rot. Some cases of foot rot will recover on their own, hence why some of the observed goats stopped kneeling after a few days. Other times, it will require professional care to cure.

Keep an eye out for any strange behaviors or symptoms if your goat starts kneeling. If you are surprised by your goat kneeling, it is wise to call your local veterinarian.

How Do I Know When My Goat is Kneeling Excessively?

If your goat is not kneeling because it is easier to eat this way or out of habit, goats will kneel because they have a disease known as Laminitis. Laminitis is inflammation of the hoof, so goats will naturally kneel to avoid pressure on their hoofs. The most common causes of Laminitis are overfeeding and poor diet, but there are other factors as well.

Watch the following video to learn more about Laminitis.

Things that cause Laminitis include:

• System inflammation
  • This occurs because of a poor diet, such as sudden high sugar intake. If the goat’s body cannot release the toxins from this diet properly, it may lead to Laminitis.
  • It can also happen as a symptom of another animal disease that causes inflammation in the goat’s system,
  • This mostly applies to new cases or infections that have not been building up for years at a time.
• Overfeeding or carbohydrate overload
  • For cases that have been going on for a long time, or the infection is building up over a period of years, it is usually because you are feeding your goat too much food.
• Direct foot trauma
  • If there is a direct injury to the foot or hoof, it may cause Laminitis.
• Genetics
  • Some goats are more likely to have Laminitis even with a proper diet and no foot trauma.

How Do I Keep My Goat Healthy?

There are simple things you can add to your goat’s daily routine that can improve its health so it doesn’t develop Laminitis.

First, keeping your goat’s living quarters clean reduces the risk of infection, including parasites. If your goat is in a herd, keep their living spaces not only clean but separate from other livestock, especially livestock from other farms. This reduces the risk of your animals catching diseases. Make sure your goats are dewormed and have all their necessary shots.

Next, just as what you put in your body affects everything, the same goes for your goats. It is easier said than done to put your goat on a good diet because each goat may have its own unique conditions. Do your research as to what your goat may need depending on its age, gender, and health. Keep the following information in mind when doing so.

• Have clean and quality hay. This should be the foundation of your goat’s diet.
• Have plenty of clean water available.
• A milking doe requires calcium-rich alfalfa and supplemental grains.
• A goat that is prone to weight gain may only require grass hay.
• Male goats do not need grain after their first winter.
• Overfeeding causes many health issues.

Overall, kneeling is a normal goat behavior, but if it becomes excessive or your goat seems ill, it is kneeling because it is sick and needs to be taken to the vet.

There is something quite disheartening about giving your furry friend the most loving bath, only to find that they are still shedding mountains of fur. A dog’s shedding season can be an especially frustrating time for the owners, what is the cause behind all of this hair? What should you do to prevent so much shedding and when should you furminate?

Dogs shed more after a bath because scrubbing can accelerate the natural shedding process. Baths do not increase hair loss, but it accelerates the natural shedding process. FURminator is a tool that helps remove loose undercoat hair and should be done 1 to 2 times a week for 10 to 20 minutes.

We have done the research and have everything you need to know about dogs shedding after baths and when to furminate! To understand more of what furminating is, the best way to bathe a dog, and how to cope with a dog’s shedding, continue reading below!

Why does my dog shed so much after a bath?

Dogs will shed more after a bath because the friction of lathering and rinsing will loosen their hair completely out of the follicle. The truth is that dogs will not shed more because of a bath or simply getting wet. Giving them a bath just speeds up the natural shedding process, not cause more of it! Water will cause the dog’s fur to stick together, so most of the excess hair will fall or be brushed out after a good bath and the hair is completely dry. Because bathing speeds up the process by cleaning your dog’s coat, removing, and loosening dead hair that is stuck in the undercoat, baths can be helpful if your dog’s shedding is out of control.

You can also visit a professional dog groomer, or purchase the materials yourself, and give your furry friend a de-shedding treatment. De-shedding shampoos and conditioners moisturize and hydrate your dog’s skin which in turn creates healthier and stronger dog hair follicles. This can mean less shedding, but these treatments mixed with proper grooming must be done more frequently to combat excessive shedding.

To make the grooming and de-shedding process associated with something positive, take your dog on a walk or play a game with their favorite toy. This will not only strengthen the bond you have with your furry friend but perhaps make a calmer and happier dog in the process.

What is Furminating and should I use it during a bath?

The FURminator is a de-shedding brush tool that reduces the amount of shedding. It reduces loose hair by 99%, keeps the dog’s fur and skin completely healthy, and maintains a mated and tangle-free animal. This brush does this without cutting the dog’s coat. It is used by professional dog groomers or even by a dog’s owner. The FURminator works when your dog has no mats or tangles as this brush is meant to reduce shedding instead of removing knots.

It is better to use the FURminator de-shed tool before your dog’s bath. Grooming before the bath means there is a good chance of removing and preventing knots and mats that may tighten while wet. Brushing before bath also removes excess dirt, debris, and bacteria, and prevents cross-contamination to different body parts, especially more susceptible areas such as the eyes, ears, and nose.

Again, it is best to remove large and tangled amounts of fur before the dog hair gets wet and becomes an untamable monster. After the pre-grooming is done, bathing will easily remove the existing and less demanding hair follicles, as well as any dirt that was left behind from brushing. The FURminator will also allow the dog shampoo and conditioner to be more effective since it can easily reach the skin and be rinsed off easily. If you would like to brush your dog during the bath, FURminator has a Bathing Brush for purchase.

Finally, gently use the FURminator after the bath to remove any loose hair that was left behind. But remember that it is crucial to fully dry the dog after the bath before brushing. Fully drying is important to prevent skin irritation and hair from clumping and matting once more. Here is a step-by-step of everything we talked about below.

How to do an at-home de-shedding treatment

1. Brush before the bath with the FURminator
2. Shampoo and condition with a de-shedding treatment
3. Fully dry your dog with a low-heat hair dryer
4. Brush once more with the FURminator to gather any leftover or missed hair

How often should I brush my dog and when is too much shedding?

Another way to prevent shedding besides bathing and doing a de-shed treatment is to have a consistent grooming schedule. The FURminator de-shedding tool should be used 1 to 2 times a week for 10 to 20 minutes per session, however, regular grooming should be done 1 to 3 times a week for 10 minutes per session, depending on hair type, breed, and amount of tangled hair.

Unfortunately, there is no “normal” amount of shedding for dogs. Each shedding amount depends on the dog’s breed type, age, and hair type. There are some breeds of dogs that have fur and shed, such as Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, or German Shepard. However, breeds such as Poodles have dog hair as opposed to dog fur, meaning that it does not shed. Sometimes shedding can be the signal of a poor diet, so changing your dog’s food or eating schedule may help with shedding. Seeing a professional groomer regularly may also help.

The only way to manage a dog’s shedding is to keep up with the grooming or look for signs that your dog is unhealthy and that his shedding is a signal of an underlying illness. Illnesses that cause shedding include diabetes, thyroid disorders, poor nutrition, and skin disorders. If you see your dog itching by rubbing up excessively on people or objects, have patchy hair loss, skin lesions, or signs of generalized illness, take them to the vet as soon as possible.